Replaceable liner construction for mud pumps



Mm}! 1944- J. P. WHANN ETAL 2,345,370

REPLACEABLE LINER CONSTRUCTION FOR MUD PUMPS Filed May 11, 1942 3nnentors,

B JUL/0 ZUMETA M 9 Gttorneg JESSE P WHArv/v.-

Patented Mar. 28, 1944 REPLACEABLE LINER CONSTRUCTION FOR MUD PUMPS Jesse P. Whann, Los Angeles, Calif" and Julio Zumeta, Houston, Tex, assignors to Emsco Derrick & Equipment Company, Los Angele Calif., a corporation of California Application; May 11, 1942, Serial No. 442,406

Claims.

Our invention relates to a cylinder construction especially suited for use in mud pumps which are used in conjunction with rotary well drilling operations to pump a mud mixture down through a drill pipe during drilling operation.

Although the invention has utility with various type of devices wherein a piston operates within a cylinder, it is of special utility with pumps employed for the pumping of liquids containing solid or abrasive substances, and for the purpose of briefly disclosing the invention without limiting its use, we shall herein explain the invention with relation to the fluid or working end of a power driven mud pump of double actin: typ used in the rotary system ofdeep well drilling. Pumps of this character have a cylinder in which a piston is operated by means of a piston rod and the ends of the cylinder are connected to pumping or working chambers, each of which chambers has associated therewith a suction valve and a discharge valve, so that as the piston is reciprocated fluid will alternately be drawn into and discharged from the working chambers at the ends of the cylinders. In view of the fact that the material pumped, for example drilling mud, is of an abrasive character, the wear on the cylinder wall is ordinarily quite severe and it has become a practice to provide for the cylinder a replaceable steel liner which is secured in the cylinder opening between the working chambers of the pump.

It is an object of the invention to provide a heavy duty pump construction having a replace-'- able cylinder of simple form and eifectlve, yet inexpensive, means for holding the cylinder in operative position in the' pump body.

It is an object of the invention to provide a cylinder of removable or replaceable character, and novel means whereby the ends of this cylinder may be effectively sealed in a pump body so that leakage along the exterior of the cylinder is substantially prevented.

A further object of the invention is to provide in a pump construction having a replaceable cylinder or liner, a sealing means for sealing on both ends of the liner, this sealing means being so constructed that it is not subjected to alternations of applied pressure due to-operation of the pump, thereby achieving extended useful life in the sealing members employed.

' A further object of the invention is to provide a structure of the character set forth in the foregoing wherein a replaceable liner is moved into and out of operative position between spaced working chambers, with the intermediate portion of the liner exposed to the exterior, without disturbing the spaced relation of the working chambers and without the necessity of dismantling the pump structure.

An additional object is to provide a cylinder of removable or replaceable character and novel means for sealing the ends of the cylinderso that leakage along the exterior of the cylinder is substantially prevented and means for equalizing the effectiveness of the seals at each end of the cylinder.

A further object is to provide in a pump construction of the character described sealing means for the ends of a replaceable cylinder, which sealing means may be adjusted to a certain extent while the pump is in operation.

A further object is to provide in a pump of the character described a replaceable cylinder or liner, which cylinder is a simple cylinder of uniform diameter externally as well as internally, involving a reduction in manufacturing time and cost over replaceable liners now employed, having collars formed thereon or threaded to receive flanges or otherwise requiring special machine operations.

The present invention lends itself readily to a pump construction wherein the replaceable cylinder extends across an open face between two hollow pump bodies so that any leakage which might occur around either end of the cylinder will flow to the exterior of the pump and be there visible so that the attendant will have knowledge of the leakage around the cylinder. In ordinary pump construction, the replaceable liner is held in a bore which is completely enclosed, withthe result that when leakage occurs of the replaceable cylinder or liner will be visible.

from the exterior, thereby bringing to the attendant immediate knowledge of the failure of a seal around the replaceable cylinder, so that he may then take steps required to correct this condition.

Further objects and advantages will be brought out in the following part of the specification.

held by pressure means to scribed.

2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 shows the pumping end Ill of a pump having a suitable power end, not shown, the pumping end comprising one or more pairs of hollow bodies Ii and I! which are spaced apart 'and have'working chambers i2 and I. These hollow bodies II and 12 have valve puts it and Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II respectively disposed on a vertical axis and these valve pots have intake and discharge valves, the intake valves 11 only being shown in the drawing, the discharge valves being in the upper part of the valve pot.

The hollow bodies Ii and I 2 are rigidly connected by fluid intake and discharge members,

, not shown, and have adjacent walls and I2,

and are separated, as stated, by an open space 22. The hollow bodies Ii and I2 are provided with aligned liner. openings 21 and 22 respectively to receive the end portions of replaceable liners 22, the liner opening 2l,beln8 somewhat I larger than the opening 22 for a purpose to be more fully disclosed hereinbelow. The liner opening 22 has a flanged seat 24 against which the end portion 22 of theliner 22 engages, and is be hereinafter de- The pump is provided with the usual pistons which any leakage of fluid from the inside of the liner 22 to the outside may pass and be perceived.

It should be clear from the .foregoing description that we have provided a novel and simplified liner cylinder and improved means for securing the liner in fixed position in the pump, and improved sealins means for the ends of the liner. The adjustment of the pressure collar 22 by screws 22 will compress the packing element 21 against the spacer cage 22, which, in turn, compresses against the packing element 22, and effective seals are made between the end portions of the liner 22 and the liner openings 2|, 22, and 22. It should be also clear that since the liners 22 are secured in fixed position on the seats 24 by the cages 22 and the screws 2|, that there can be no longitudinal movement of the liners by the action of the pistons 22 occasioned by any excess frictional interengagement thereof. It may be also perceived thatadlustment of the pressure applied to the packing elements 24 and 21 may be adjusted even while the pump is in operation, since the adjusting screws 29 extend to the outside through the coverv plates and the packing elements are not affected by th movement ofthe pistons 22.

- It will also be clear that the liners 22 are simple cylinders of uniform diameter, external as 28 secured on piston rods 21 which are reciprocable through packing devices 22 and connected to the power actuating portions of thepump. The hollow bodies II are provided with removable wall members or cover plates 22, which may be secured in place in the well known manner by use of cap screws or studs 28a, to normally close the liner access ports 20 in the front walls of the hollow bodies II, and ports 20 are of such diameter that the liners 22 and the packing means to be hereinafter described may be passed'therethrong when the cover plates 22 are removed.

In order to secure the liners 22 in fixed position, with the ends 22 in sealing engagement with each seat 24, we provide in each cover plate 22 a heavy screw 2! to exert pressure against a cage 22 of open work construction, and which is disposed in engagement with the leftward end of the liner 22, as shown.

In describing our sealing means for the ends of the liners, we show the liner opening 22 of the hollow bodies 12 having an enlarged outer opening 22, forming a circular seat 24, forming a recess or cavity for a compressible packing ring element 25, which engages the outer cylindrical surface of the liner 22. A spacer cage, or lantern, 26 of generally cylindrical shape is disposed over the liner 22 and has an end portion thereof exment 3!. A sealing pressure collar 28 is disposed in each working chamber l3 and has a portion extending into the opening 2| for engagement with the packing element 21, pressure for which is supplied by a plurality of screws 29 extending through a cover plate 29 and engageable. with each collar 28. The spacer cage 26 may be provided with a plurality of apertures 40, through well as internal, and that the cost and time of manufacture thereof will be considerably less than that of conventional liners which have collars formed thereon or are threaded to receive flangesor other specially formed parts.

Our invention, as described, is adaptable to certain variations which take into consideration that it may be desirable to provide a pump in which the internal diameter or piston size can be changed. For example, if a power driven pump has a motor of given size and it is desired to increase the pressure of the pumped fluid, this may be done by reducing the internal diameter of the cylinder and the piston. This may be done in the present invention by providing replaceable liners having cylindric portions or collars of the same outside diameter such as that of the liner 22, the said collars being in engagement with the packing elements 22 and21, the remainder of the cylinder having a reduced inner and outer diameter, as should be manifest. A further variation contemplated with cylinders of different sizes is the provision of a singl collar for engagement with both the packing elements 25 and 21, which arrangement involves the reduction in length of the spacer cage 28 to a small amount, and the extension of the cylindrical portions of the hollow bodies Ii and i2 toward each other to receive the packing elements 25 and 21.

We claim as our invention:

1; -In a cylinder, and liner device of the character described, the combination of: a hollow body structure having a pair of spaced working chambers with inner walls separated by a space which is substantially open to the exterior of the hollow body structure, said inner walls having aligned liner openings the ein, one of said working chambers having a r ovable wall to provide a liner access opening aligned with said liner openings;.

a liner insertable through said liner access opening to a position wherein the ends thereof will communicate with said chambers through said liner openings of said inner walls; and sealing means comprising a pair of sealing members around said liner to resist leakage of fluid through said liner openings and around the exterior of the two end. portions of said liner into said open space, said sealing means being actuatable independently oi said liner to simultaneously actuate said sealing members.

said liner openings of said inner walls; sealing means around said liner to resist leakage of fluid through said liner openings and around the exterior both end portions 01' said liner into said open space, said sealing means being actuatable independently of said liner and having a pair of spaced annular seals and annular seal actuating means to engage the ends of said annular seals facing toward said space; and means acting independently of said sealing means to prevent axial movement of said liner.

3. In a cylinder and liner device of the character described, the combination of: a hollow body structure having a pair of spaced working cham-- bers with inner walls separated by a space which issubstantially open to the exterior of the hollow body structure, said inner walls having aligned liner openings therein, one of said working chambers having a removable wall to provide a liner access opening aligned with said liner openings; a liner insertable through said liner access opening to a fixed position wherein the ends thereof will communicate with said chambers through said liner openings of said inner walls; sealing means around said liner to resist leakage of fluid through said liner openings and around the exterior of both ends of said liner into said. open space, said sealing means comprising a pair of spaced annular seals; means to actuate said sealing means comprising annular means in said space having annular shoulders in thrust engagement with said seals; and means acting independently of said seal actuating means to prevent axial movement of said liner.

4. In a cylinder and liner device of the character described, the combination of: a hollow body structure having a pair of spaced working chambers with inner walls separated by a space which is substantially open to the exterior of the hollow body structure, said inner walls having aligned liner openings therein, one of said working chambers having a removable wall to provide a liner access opening aligned with said liner openings; a liner insertable through said liner access opening to a fixed position wherein the ends thereof will communicate with said chambers through said liner openings of said inner walls; means engaging said liner so as to prevent axial movement thereof; sealing means around said liner to resist leakage of fluid through said liner openings and around the exterior of both ends of said liner into said open space, said sealing means being actuatable independently of said liner and comprising a pair of sealing members and spacer means to separate them; and means disposed in one of said chambers adapted to be actuated in an axial direction to actuate both of said sealing means.

ter described, the combination of: a hollow body ,structure having a pair of spaced working chambers with inner walls separated by a space which is substantially open 'to the exterior of the hollow body structure, said inner walls having aligned liner openings therein, one of said working chambers having a removable wall to pro-' vide a liner access opening aligned with said liner openings; a liner insertable'through said liner access opening to a fixed position wherein the ends thereof will communicate with said chambers through said liner openings of said inner walls; and sealing means around said liner to resist leakage of fluid through said liner openings and around the exterior of said liner into said open space, said sealing means being actuatable independently 01 said liner, and including packing elements in said liner openings, a spacer 5. In a cylinder and liner device of the characcage between a pair of said packing elements, and compression means for said packing elements and said cage.

6. In a cylinder and liner device of the character described, the combination of: a hollow body structure having a pair of spaced working chambers with inner walls separated by a space which is substantially open to the exterior of the hollow body structure, said inner walls having aligned liner openings therein, one of said working chambers having a removable wall to provide a liner access opening aligned wth said liner openings; a liner insertable through said liner access opening to a fixed position wherein the ends thereof will communicate with said chambers through said liner openings of said inner walls; and sealing means around said liner to resist leakage of fluid through said liner openings and around the exterior of said liner into said open space, said sealing means being actuatable independently of said liner, and including packing elements in said liner openings, a spacer cage between a pair of said packing elements, a compression collar engageable with one of said packing elements, and clamping means for said collar extending through said removable wall.

'7. In a cylinder and liner device of the character described, the combination of: a working structure comprising a pair of spaced hollow -bodies forming working chambers, the adjacent walls of said bodies being separated by a space substantially open to the exterior of said structure and having liner openings therein adapted to receive packing elements, one of said liner openings having a flanged liner seat; a liner positioned with the ends thereof in communication with said chambers and one of said ends in seating engagement with said flanged liner seat, pressure'means disposed in one of said chambers to secure said liner in said position; and a pair of sealing means between both end portions of said liner and said adjacent walls of said hollow bodies, to seal around the ends of said liner and prevent leakage into said open space.

8. In a cylinder and liner device of the character described, the combination of: a working structure comprising a pair of spaced hollow 4 $845,370 Y linerheingaaimplecylindenpreeguremeanadieandhavingecollarportioniorengagementwlth pceedincnecieaidchambergtoaecureeaid. laidpackingeleinentl.

acylinderandlinerdeviceoithecharacter deecrihed, the combination oi: a working atnicture ccmvfl lnl a to receive packing elemente, one 0! said liner opening; having a flanged liner aeet;,a liner posipairoirpacedhollow liner openings therein adapted is into said open space,

10. In a cylinder and liner deviceoi the characterdeacribed.thecombinationoi:'p.working rtrneture ccmprleingapair-or-spaeed hollow bodice iorming' working chamber-e, the adjacent wallsoiaeidbodieebeingrepareted yupace mliatentiellyopentotheerterloroilaidstructiireandhavlngllneropcningetherelnadapted to receive packing elements, one of said liner opening. having a flanged liner seat: a liner pceitioned with the ends thereof in communication witheaid chamber-lend cneoiaaid endalneeating engagement with said flanged liner seat, laid liner being a cylinder, preleure mean; dispoeed inoneoisaidchainbentolecnreeaidlinerin aaid poeitionzand sealing means betweenthe ends of said liner and said adjacent wall; of aid hollow bodice, to real around the ends oi laid liner and prevent leakage-into said open space, and having 5 collar portion adjacent each end for engagement with said packing elements. JESSE P. WHANN.

JULIO ZUMETA. 

